June 5, 1357First Documented Appearance in LireyIn 1357, the relic later known as the Shroud of Turin is first recorded at Lirey, where royal backing, church pilgrimage incentives, and family power ties shaped its public display.History
January 1, 1370Nicole Oresme, Problemata 1 (c. 1370 CE)Around 1370, Oresme cites the Champagne 'shroud' as a clear example of clerical deception in a treatise on mirabilia, showing elite skepticism nearly two decades before the d'Arcis dispute.DocumentHistory
June 19, 1389Legatine Indult of Cardinal Pierre de Thury for Geoffrey II, Lord of Lirey (before 19 June 1389)Cardinal Pierre de Thury, acting as papal legate, grants Geoffrey II permission to reinstall and publicly display at Lirey a figure or representation of the Shroud.DocumentHistory
July 28, 1389Letter of Pope Clement VII to Geoffrey II, Lord of LireyClement VII confirms permission to display the Lirey shroud representation and orders perpetual silence on Bishop Pierre d'Arcis's prohibition.DocumentHistory
August 1, 1389Letter of Pierre d'Arcis, Bishop of Troyes, to Pope Clement VII on the Cloth of Lirey (c. 1389)Bishop Pierre d'Arcis writes to Pope Clement VII challenging the authenticity of the Shroud displayed at Lirey, claiming it was 'cunningly painted.'DocumentHistory
January 6, 1390Bull of Pope Clement VII Regulating the Lirey Shroud ExhibitionsClement VII issues a bull regulating the public display of the Shroud image at Lirey and requiring that it be described as a representation, not the true Shroud.DocumentHistory
January 6, 1390Letter of Pope Clement VII to Pierre d'Arcis, Bishop of TroyesClement VII orders Bishop Pierre d'Arcis to remove obstacles to authorized Lirey exhibitions and warns of excommunication for noncompliance.DocumentHistory
January 6, 1390Letter of Pope Clement VII to the Ecclesiastical Officials of Langres, Autun, and Châlons-sur-MarneClement VII orders the officials of Langres, Autun, and Châlons-sur-Marne to publish and enforce his ruling on the Lirey shroud exhibitions.DocumentHistory
June 1, 1390Indulgence Letter of Pope Clement VII for the Collegiate Church of Our Lady of LireyIndulgence letter of Pope Clement VII for the collegiate church at Lirey, issued June 1 and dispatched June 11, 1390, and repeating the wording of the shroud as a figure or representation.DocumentHistory
June 6, 1418Marguerite de Charny's Custody of the Shroud and Transfer to Savoy (1418-1464)From emergency wartime transfer in 1418 to the 1464 Lirey-Savoy settlement, Marguerite de Charny's custody of the Shroud was shaped by lawsuits, public exhibitions, and negotiated grants.History
December 4, 1532The 1532 Fire at Chambery's Sainte-Chapelle and the Shroud of TurinA late-night fire on December 3-4, 1532 scorched the folded Shroud in the Savoy chapel at Chambery, leaving burn holes, scorch lines, and water stains that still define its appearance today.HistoryReligionArchitecture PDF
May 1, 1534Poor Clare Repairs and Backing AddedPoor Clare nuns repair the 1532 fire damage by sewing patches and adding a full backing cloth.HistoryScience
September 14, 1578Relocation to TurinThe Shroud was transferred from Chambéry to Turin in 1578 and has remained there since.History
May 28, 1898Secondo Pia Photographs the ShroudLawyer and amateur photographer Secondo Pia takes the first photographs of the Shroud, revealing its negative image properties.HistoryScience
May 29, 1931Giuseppe Enrie Photographs the ShroudProfessional photographer Giuseppe Enrie produces high-quality images that become the standard photographic reference.HistoryScience
October 12, 1973First Modern Scientific ExaminationAn international commission conducts the first modern scientific examination of the Shroud, including imaging and material tests.Science
July 1, 1976VP-8 Image Analyzer Reveals 3D PropertiesUse of a VP-8 image analyzer shows the Shroud image encodes relief-like information, a finding noted before STURP.Science
October 8, 1978STURP Scientific ExaminationThe Shroud of Turin Research Project conducts the most comprehensive scientific examination of the Shroud to date.Science
January 1, 1982STURP Peer-Reviewed Lab Papers PublishedSTURP researchers publish peer-reviewed laboratory results on blood chemistry and image formation.Science
October 18, 1983Transfer to the Holy SeeLegal ownership of the Shroud transferred to the Holy See in 1983, while local custodianship continued in Turin.History
July 15, 19843D Correlation Study PublishedA quantitative study correlates Shroud image intensity with three-dimensional body structure.Science
October 13, 1988Turin Press Conference on the Radiocarbon ResultsCardinal Ballestrero communicated the 1988 radiocarbon date range and addressed interpretation, faith, and ongoing scientific questions.History
October 13, 1988British Museum Press Conference on the Radiocarbon ResultsA reconstructed English press-conference exchange presenting the 1988 radiocarbon date range of AD 1260 to 1390 for the tested Shroud sample.History
February 16, 1989Radiocarbon Dating Study PublishedThree independent laboratories dated the Shroud to 1260-1390 CE, sparking decades of scientific debate.Science
April 1, 20022002 Conservation and RestorationConservation work removes the 1534 backing cloth, adds a new backing, and documents material changes with new photography.Science
September 1, 2019Radiocarbon Raw-Data ReanalysisA reanalysis of the 1988 radiocarbon raw data raises questions about sample homogeneity and statistical consistency.Science
